《Into the wild》PPT
第一部分內(nèi)容：話題閱讀·教材鏈接
對(duì)于動(dòng)物的滅絕，很多人猜測(cè)是氣候的原因，其實(shí)，有時(shí)候人類才是動(dòng)物生存最大的威脅。我們要保護(hù)動(dòng)植物，與它們和諧相處。
Climate change, not human hunting, may have wiped out the thylacine (袋狼), according to a new study based on DNA from thylacines' bones.
The meateating marsupials (有袋動(dòng)物) died out on mainland Australia a few thousand years ago, but survived in Tasmania, an island of southeast Australia separated from the mainland, until the 1930s. Until then, scientists had believed the cause of this mainland extinction (滅絕) was increased activity from native Australians and dingoes (Australian wild dogs)．
Scientists behind the University of Adelaide study, which was published in the Journal of Biogeography on Thursday, collected 51 new thylacine DNA samples from fossil bones and museum skins — the largest data set of thylacine DNA to date. The paper concluded that climate change starting about 4,000 years ago — in particular drier seasons caused by the weather systems known as El Niño — Southern Oscillation (南方濤動(dòng)) — was likely the main cause of the mainland extinction.
The ancient DNA showed that the mainland extinction of thylacines was rapid, and not the result of loss of genetic diversity. There was also evidence of a population crash in thylacines in Tasmania at the same period of time, reducing their numbers and genetic diversity.
Associate Professor Jeremy Austin said Tasmania would have been protected from mainland Australia's warmer, drier climate due to its higher rainfall. He argued that climate change was “the only thing that could have caused, or at least started, an extinction on the mainland and caused a population crash in Tasmania.”
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