外研版九年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)《Language in use》English for you and me PPT教學(xué)課件，共45頁。
Learning Objectives
1. To review the usage of adverbial clauses and infinitives.
2. To know more about English and other languages.
3. To make a list of tips for learning English.
Warming up
Guess the meanings of these proverbs(諺語).
1. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
2. Strike while the iron(鐵) is hot.
3. Where there is a will, there is a way.
4. Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
狀語從句
1. 定義: 在復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等的句子稱為狀語從句。
2. 分類：狀語從句是由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的，按其作用主要可分為時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句、條件狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、比較狀語從句等幾類。
狀語從句使用要點(diǎn)
使用狀語從句有兩點(diǎn)要注意：一是狀語從句中連詞的選用，二是狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)。
1. 狀語從句中連詞的選用
狀語從句中連詞的選用是由句子所表達(dá)的邏輯意義決定的，只要知道各種連詞的意思和功能就能正確使用。
(1) 時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞：when, while, as, before, after, until, as soon as 等。
e.g. I was watching TV when she came back.
Do it before you forget.
狀語從句中連詞when和while辨析
when: 既可以和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，也可以和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。
while: 只能和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用；從句中常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表示從句的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
連詞as的用法
as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)，一邊…..一邊；
隨著……”。
(2) 地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞：where
e.g. We must camp where we can get water.
(3) 原因狀語從句的連詞：because, since, as
e.g. Mark could not come because he had to work.
(4) 條件從句的連詞：if, unless
e.g. If it’s not really cold, I will sleep with the window open.
=I will sleep with the window open unless it's really cold.
(5) 目的狀語從句的連詞：so that, in order that等
e.g. I’ve brought some photos so that you can see what Britain looks like.
(6) 結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞：so…that, such…that…等
e.g. He got up so late that he missed the first train.
(7) 讓步狀語從句連詞：although, though, even if/though等
e.g. Although he is young, he knows a lot about China.
(8) 比較狀語從句連詞：than, as等
e.g. He works as hard as his brother (does).
2. 狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)
在時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句和讓步狀語從句中，如果主句表達(dá)將來含義，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來時(shí)。
動(dòng)詞不定式
動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非限定動(dòng)詞，通常由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。這里的to是不定式的符號(hào)，沒有詞義，有時(shí)還可以省略。動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句中不能單獨(dú)用作謂語。動(dòng)詞不定式的肯定形式是to do，否定形式是not to do。
動(dòng)詞不定式的功能
1. 作主語
不定式作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，而將作主語的不定式放在句子后面。
e.g.
It isn’t right to kill whales for their meat.
= To kill whales for their meat isn’t right.
2. 作賓語
后接不定式作賓語的常見動(dòng)詞有: want, hope, wish, like, begin, try, need, forget, decide, agree, refuse, afford, manage, promise等。
e.g.
He refused to go there.
She wants to be a doctor.
3. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語
不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語是指“動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞+(to) do sth.” 結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式。變否定時(shí)只需在不定式前加not，其中的to在某些動(dòng)詞后面需省略。
后面可接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的常見動(dòng)詞有：ask, allow, warn, tell, invite, force, wish, want, expect, encourage, advise, persuade, permit, order等。
e.g.
She told me ________(buy) a ticket.
4. 作狀語
不定式作狀語主要用來修飾動(dòng)詞，表示目的或原因等，可以放在句末，也可以放在句首。
e.g.
He got up early to catch the plane to Shanghai.
She is too young to go to school.
5. 作定語
不定式可以修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語，常放在被修飾對(duì)象的后面，一般表示物體的用途或者要做的事等。
e.g.
I have a lot of homework to do.
Give me something to eat, please.
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